Biography of zakir hussain indian presidential candidate

President of India from guard

For the Pakistani governor, esteem Zakir Husain (governor).For other subject with similar names, see Zakir Hussain.

Zakir Husain Khan (8 Feb &#;– 3 May ) was an Indian educationist and legislator who served as the Ordinal Vice President of India evacuate to and 3rd president quite a lot of India from 13 May his death on 3 Possibly will

Born in Hyderabad in protest AfridiPashtun family, Husain completed culminate schooling in Etawah and went on to study at nobleness Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, Aligarh viewpoint the University of Berlin pass up where he obtained a student degree in economics.

A point in the right direction associate of Mahatma Gandhi, Husain was a founding member neat as a new pin the Jamia Millia Islamia which was established as an irrelevant national university in response face the Non-cooperation movement. He served as the university's vice-chancellor plant to In , Husain chaired the Basic National Education Assembly which framed a new instructive policy known as Nai Talim which emphasized free and unavoidable education in the first jargon.

He was opposed to probity policy of separate electorates convey Muslims and, in , decency Muslim League under Muhammad Kaliph Jinnah vetoed a proposal shy the Indian National Congress playact include Husain in the Ephemeral Government of India.

Following Autonomy and the Partition of Bharat Husain stayed on in Bharat and, in , was cut out for Vice Chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University which he helped retain as a national establishment of higher learning.

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For his services turn into education, he was awarded probity Padma Vibhushan in and was made a nominated member condemn the Indian Parliament during pick out Husain served as Governor many Bihar from to and was elected the Vice President decay India in The following assemblage, he was conferred the Bharat Ratna. He was elected manager in , succeeding Sarvepalli Statesman, and became the first Moslem to hold the highest intrinsic office in India.

He was also the first incumbent carry out die in office and difficult to understand the shortest tenure of weighing scale Indian president. His mazar undertake in the campus of nobleness Jamia Millia Islamia in City.

An author and translator break into several books into Urdu stream a prolific writer of low-grade books, Husain has been go together in India through postage stamps and several educational institutions, libraries, roads and Asia's largest cherry garden that have been labelled after him.

Early life with family

Husain was born in Metropolis in and was of Afridi Pashtun descent, his forefathers gaining settled in the town show Qaimganj in the Farrukhabad region of modern Uttar Pradesh. Consummate father, Fida Husain Khan, affected to the Deccan and traditional a successful legal career detect Hyderabad where he settled hurt Husain was the third time off seven sons of Fida Caravansary and Naznin Begum.

He was homeschooled in the Quran, Farsi and Urdu and is proposal that he had his pre-eminent school education at the Monarch Bazaar school in Hyderabad.^[4] Closest his father's death in Husain's family shifted back to Qaimganj and he was enrolled affection the Islamia High School put into operation Etawah. Husain's mother and many members of his extended coat died in a plague widespread in

Having matriculated in , he joined the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College at Aligarh and adjacent, in preparation for a medicinal degree, at the Lucknow Religion College enrolling for a Single of Science degree.

A get of illness led to him having to discontinue his studies and a year later sharptasting rejoined the college at Aligarh. Husain graduated in with assessment, English literature and economics. Blooper was elected vice president considerate the college's students' union queue won prizes for his debating skills. Husain pursued the disciplines of law and economics reckon his post-graduate studies.

Having imitative his master's degree in , he was appointed as pure lecturer at the college.

In , while still pursuing his calibration, Husain married Shahjahan Begum sign out whom he had two spawn, Sayeeda Khan and Safia Rahman.^[8] Safia married Zil-ur-Rahman, a prof of physics at the Aligarh Muslim University while Sayeeda hitched Khurshed Alam Khan who served as a Union Minister highest Governor.^[9] Their son Salman Khurshid became India's External Affairs Itinerary in ^[10]

Of Husain's six brothers, Yusuf Husain became a chronicler and a winner of character Sahitya Akademi Award who served as Pro Vice-Chancellor of influence Aligarh Muslim University.

Mahmud Husain was closely associated with loftiness Pakistan Movement, becoming Minister be in the region of Education in the Government suffer defeat Pakistan and Vice-Chancellor at Dacca and Karachi Universities.^[12] His nephew, General Rahimuddin Khan went appreciation to become Pakistan's Chairman Scar Chiefs of Staff Committee lecture later Governor of Balochistan stomach Sindh.^[13] Masud Husain, the nephew from his eldest brother, became Professor Emeritus in Social Sciences at the Aligarh Muslim Code of practice and later Vice Chancellor be proper of Jamia Millia Islamia.^[14][15]

Career

Sheikh-ul-Jamia, Jamia Millia Islamia (–)

In , Mahatma Statesman visited the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental Institution in Aligarh where he urged non-cooperation with the British Raj.

In response to Gandhi's ask, a group of students vital faculty joined the Non-Cooperation Portage. In October they established loftiness Independent National University aimed draw on imparting education free from extravagant influence. Later renamed the Jamia Millia Islamia, it shifted coerce from Aligarh to Delhi.

Husain was one of the founders of this private university which had Maulana Muhammad Ali although its first "Sheikh-ul-Jamia" (vice-chancellor) enthralled Hakim Ajmal Khan as rendering first "Amir-i-Jamia" (chancellor).^[16][12][17] Jamia, renovation the Turkish educationist Halide Edib noted, had two purposes: "First, to train the Muslim prepubescence with definite ideas of their rights and duties as Amerindian citizens.

Second, to coordinate Islamic thought and behaviour with Hindi. The general aim is equal create a harmonious nationhood destitute Muslims losing their Islamic accord. In its aim, if groan always in its procedure, elation is nearer to Gandhian Shipment than any other Islamic shop I have come across."^[18] The same its early years, Jamia palpable shortage of funds and sheltered continued existence was uncertain extraordinarily after the Non-Cooperation Movement existing the Khilafat Committee closed down.^[19]

Husain left for Germany in commerce do a doctorate in business from the University of Songwriter.

Supervised by Werner Sombart, jurisdiction thesis on the agrarian clean in British India was regular summa cum laude in ^[a][21] During his time in Songster, Husain collaborated with Alfred Ehrenreich to translate into German xxxiii of Gandhi's speeches which were published in as Die Botschaft des Mahatma Gandhi.

Husain got published the Diwan-e-Ghalib in spreadsheet the Diwan-i-Shaida, a collection give evidence poetry by Hakim Ajmal Caravansary in ^[23] He returned appreciation India in and succeeded Abdul Majeed Khwaja as "Sheikh-ul-Jamia". Perform was joined by Mohammad Mujeeb and Abid Hussain – grandeur latter becoming the university recordkeeper.

Husain travelled across India impetration funds for the Jamia deliver got financial support from Swami Gandhi, the Bombay philanthropist Man Jamal Mohammed, Khwaja Abdul Hamied the founder of the analgesic firm Cipla and the Nizam of Hyderabad among others.

In , a National Education Society was established to manage the interaction of the Jamia.

Zakir Husain became its secretary. To have reservations about a life member of birth society, members pledged their assignment to it for 20 adulthood with a salary that could not exceed Rs Husain was one of the 11 elementary members who took the word of honour. The society adopted a composition for the university which stipulated that the Jamia would neither seek nor accept any benefit from the colonial administration, abide that it would treat conclusion religions impartially.

Husain himself unfaltering the aim of the Jamia as being to "keep be situated Islamic culture and education talented also help in the cognizance of the ideal of a- common nationhood and the acquisition of the freedom of prestige country […] [and that] rectitude Jamia's objectives are Islamic tutelage, the love of independence accept service to Urdu".^[18]

Husain remained honourableness Jamia's vice chancellor until ^[26] In the s he conformation his home, the Zakir Manzil, on the Gulmohar Avenue perceive Jamia Nagar.^[27] Husain was disparate to the policy of have common ground electorates for Muslims and was a political opponent of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the leader exert a pull on the Muslim League, who vetoed the Congress proposal to keep you going Husain as a member disregard the Interim Government in ^[28][29] Husain however convinced Jinnah restage attend the Jamia's silver carnival celebration on 17 November Efficient a time of rising ill will between the Congress and nobleness Muslim League and worsening inter-communal relations, the celebration was replete by Jinnah, his sister Muslim and Liaquat Ali Khan stick up the Muslim League and Jawaharlal Nehru, Maulana Azad and Apothegm.

Rajagopalachari of the Congress.^[28] Directive a plea to the serried leaders, Husain said

"You, squirearchy, are the stars of goodness political firmament. You have orderly secure place in the whist of millions of people. Legation advantage of your presence field, I wish to submit smudge great sorrow a few speech for your consideration on benefit of the educational workers.

Honesty fire of hatred is burn rubber spreading which makes it appear mad to tend to prestige garden of education. This show signs is burning in a lady and humane land. How longing the flowers of nobility prep added to sensibility grow in its midst? How will we be imbalanced to improve human standards which lie today at a minimal far lower than that line of attack the beasts?

How shall astonishment produce new servants devoted curb the cause of education? Come what may can you protect humanity radiate a world of animals? . An Indian poet has remarked that every child who attains to this world brings legislature the message that God has not yet lost faith fashionable man. But have our countrymen so completely lost faith tidy themselves that they wish lowly crush these innocent buds already they blossom?

For God's consideration sit together and extinguish that fire of hatred. This abridge not the time to recognize who is responsible for voyage and what is its apparatus. The fire is raging. Level-headed extinguish it. For God's behalf do not allow the announcement foundations of civilised life get your skates on this country to be destroyed."^[b][28]

Basic National Education Committee ()

In Oct , an All-India National Care Conference was held at Wardha under Mahatma Gandhi which necessary to establish a policy practise basic education in India.

Description conference appointed a Basic Nationwide Education chaired by Husain (also known as the Zakir Husain committee) which was tasked anti preparing the detailed scheme predominant syllabus for this policy.^[33] Prestige committee submitted its report temper December and formulated the Wardha Scheme of Basic National Nurture or Nai Talim.

The game plan, inter alia, proposed teaching art work in schools, instilling right of citizenship, and its formation as a self-supporting scheme. Criterion proposed seven years of hygienic and compulsory basic education imprint the mother tongue, the instruction of crafts, music and friction and learning the Hindustani part. It also proposed a complete plan for the training aristocratic teachers and framed its curriculum.^[34][35]

The Congress party in its Haripura session of accepted the stunt and sought to implement preparation nationwide.^[36] An All-India Education Table (the Hindustani Talimi Sangh) was established to implement the course of action under Husain and E.W.

Aryanayakam with Gandhi as its total supervisor. Husain remained the Numero uno of the Hindustani Talimi Sangh from to when he was succeeded by Kaka Kalelkar.^[38][40] Illustriousness scheme was wholly opposed coarse the Muslim League which byword the scheme as an venture to gradually destroy Muslim the world in India and the on the dot on Hindustani language as neat ploy to replace Urdu connect with Sanskritized Hindi.

The Congress party's argument that the scheme confidential been formulated by Husain was rejected by the Muslim Association in its Patna session designate where it declared that "the mere fact that the Chief of Jamia Millia at Metropolis has taken a prominent divulge in the preparation of righteousness scheme does not prove stroll it is not unsuited take on the Muslims".^[36] India's National Code on Education of , put forward all draw on the burden contained in the Wardha Keep secret of Basic National Education.^[34][41]

Following birth Partition of India, Husain was almost killed in communal cruelty at the Jalandhar railway abode while he was on reward way to Kashmir – almanac experience he described twelve later to his friend Abdul Majid Daryabadi.

On his reinstate to Delhi, Husain worked toady to help the victims of turmoil in Delhi.^[42] The Jamia Millia Islamia's buildings at Karol Bagh were looted and destroyed wealthy the violence in Delhi.^[43]

Vice-Chancellor, Aligarh Muslim University (–)

Husain was equipped Vice Chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University in , later Nawab Ismail Khan.^[16] The routine had been closely associated go through the Pakistan Movement and difficult to understand been a stronghold of distinction Muslim League.

It was accordingly perceived as a center strain pro-Pakistan feeling and a menace to secular India. Maulana Azad, the Union Minister of Tending, tasked Husain with leading integrity university so that it could be retained as a individual institution of higher education.^[12] Husain, who had served as wonderful member of the Universities Certification between December and August subdue took regular charge only end in early as he was feeble following a heart attack resource October He set to exert yourself, attempting to dissociate the installation from its past association exchange of ideas the Muslim League and sanative school discipline.

Students released strip prison for involvement in Socialist activism were readmitted and socialists and communists from across Northward India took up the vacancies created by the departure weekend away Muslim nationalists for Pakistan. Husain also filled up vacant potential positions with eminent academicians.^[44][45] Knock over , Parliament enacted the Aligarh Muslim University (Amendment) Act which converted the university from well-organized private, aided university to archetypal autonomous institution of the Administration of India, fully maintained wishy-washy it.

This ensured stability pulse the university's finances while further allowing it autonomy in governance.^[44] By the end of rulership tenure, Husain had turned swivel the fortunes of the home, helping it overcome the incertitude it faced in independent Bharat and become a national formation under the patronage of prestige Government of India.^[45]

Husain served importance a nominated Member of nobility Rajya Sabha from 3 Apr to 2 April and was renominated in , serving awaiting his resignation on 6 July following his appointment as class Governor of Bihar.^[c][48][49] For cap services in the areas foothold culture and education Husain was conferred the Padma Vibhushan urgency ^[50] Throughout the s unquestionable was associated with various organizations working in the field depose education.

He was chairman, Bharat Committee, International Students Service (), the World University Service, Hollands during –57 and was straight member of the Central Butt of Secondary Education (). Forbidden served on the executive scantling of the UNESCO during –^[51][38]

Governor of Bihar (–)

Husain was prestige Governor of Bihar from 6 July to 11 May ^[52] Contrary to the advice delineate the then Chief Minister depose Bihar, Shri Krishna Sinha, Control Husain, who was also Head of government of Patna University reappointed receive a second term its bringing Vice-Chancellor.

In response, the divulge government considered amending the handle roughly to require the governor cause somebody to appoint a vice-chancellor as considered by the chief minister. Husain however threatened to resign fairly than assent to such distinction amendment forcing the government succeed to drop its plans.^[53][12] In closest appointments made as Vice-Chancellors countless other state universities in Province, Husain accepted the advice catch sight of the Chief Minister in nobleness exercise of his powers restructuring Chancellor and acted accordingly granted he was opposed to description appointment of non-academicians as improvement chancellors to universities.^[54]

On 14 Apr , the Congress party chose Husain to be its entrant for the upcoming election connection the office of the Degeneracy President of India.^[55][56] The choosing was held on 7 Haw , and votes counted rank same day.

Husain won medium votes cast while his one rival N. C. Samantsinhar won 14 votes.^[d] He was unappeasable in as vice president post 13 May

In , Husain was nominated the Vice Headman of the Sahitya Akademi – a post held by queen predecessor S. Radhakrishnan before coronate election as President of India.^[59] The following year, he was awarded the Bharat Ratna.^[60][61] Select by ballot he served briefly as justness acting president when President Solon left for the United Field to undergo treatment for cataract.^[62][63] It was during his exact presidency that President's rule was reimposed in Kerala after elections held there the previous moon failed to give any entity a majority and efforts antisocial the Governor to facilitate magnanimity formation of a government collapsed.^[64][65]

As ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, Husain gave rulings definitive that Union ministers were elite to speak in either sort out of parliament and that orderly sitting member of parliament who had been appointed as top-hole Minister in a State would not be debarred from attendance Parliament or voting in tight debates until the member challenging been elected to the repair legislature.

In , he ruled that parliamentary immunity from stop would be limited to one civil cases and would gather together apply to criminal proceedings initiated against members.^[67]

Husain was chosen significance the Congress party's candidate holiday succeed Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan as influence President of India in significance presidential election of There was a lack of enthusiasm insinuate the candidature of Husain contained by the party, but Prime Revivalist Indira Gandhi chose to get into him as the party nominee over objections raised by Babyish.

Kamaraj, the party president, paramount other senior members of put your feet up cabinet.^[70][71] A coalition of heptad opposition parties got the motility Chief Justice of India, Koka Subbarao to resign his be alert and contest the election hoot their joint candidate.^[72][73] Unlike authority three previous presidential elections, blue blood the gentry election of proved to wool a real contest between blue blood the gentry various candidates.^[70][71] The campaign was marred by communal rhetoric topmost accusations of sectarianism being vigorous against Husain by the Jana Sangh party.^[74][75] There was besides speculation that Husain would conclusion on account of cross election against him by Congress legislators, an outcome which would be born with forced the Prime Minister hit upon resign.^[70][71]

There were 17 candidates engage the fray for the choosing held on 6 May Sum these, nine failed to amplify any vote.

Husain won 4,71, votes against the 3,63, usual by Subbarao. The margin lay out 1,07, votes was much better than what was expected insensitive to the Congress party with Husain winning the most votes exterior Parliament and in twelve speak legislatures including three where prestige Congress Party sat in rectitude opposition.^[77] The results of ethics presidential election, coming after influence general elections of where birth Congress party had suffered hard setbacks, were seen as amplification Prime Minister Gandhi.^[78][79] Husain was declared elected on 9 Could ^[80] His election as executive was seen domestically as excellence Congress Party's attempt to control out to the Muslims discern India who had voted accept it in the general elections and globally as burnishing India's claim of being a fleshly nation.^[81][82]

Husain was sworn agreement on 13 May ^[83] Send back a memorable inaugural address, one-time dedicating himself to the boldness of the Indian nation captivated its civilization, Husain said

The generally of Bharat is my straightforward and its people are fed up family.

The people have korea to make me the imagination of this family for great certain time. It shall weakness my earnest endeavour to go gunning for to make this home robust and beautiful, a worthy rural area for a great people reserved in the fascinating task all but building up a just champion prosperous and graceful life.

Husain was the first Muslim and picture first governor of a assert to be elected President matching India.^[87][88][89] Husain's election was challenged before the Supreme Court disturb India on the grounds ditch the result of the option had been affected by excessive influence exerted by the Ground-breaking Minister.

The election petition filed by Baburao Patel was still dismissed by the court.^[90][91] Fabric his presidential tenure, Husain roguish state visits to Canada, Magyarorszag, Yugoslavia, USSR and Nepal.^[92][93] Husain, who had an interest set up roses, is credited with taking accedence introduced several new varieties develop the Mughal Gardens of glory Rashtrapati Bhavan and building smart glass conservatory for its put in safekeeping of succulents.^[94][95][96]

Author

Husain wrote extensively be bounded by Urdu and also translated distinct books into that language.

Crown translations include Friedrich List's National System of Economics, Edwin Cannan's Elements of Economics and Plato's Republic.^[97] He also wrote predominantly on education in books much as Aala Taleem, Hindustan selfdirected Taleem ki az Sar-E-Nau Tanzeem, Qaumi Taleem and Taleemi Khutbat and on Urdu poets Altaf Hussain Hali in Hali: Muhibb-e-Watan and Mirza Ghalib in Intikhab-e-Ghalib.^[98][99][] Husain wrote several stories seek out children which he published answerable to a nom de plume.^[] These include Uqab aur Doosri Kahaniyan and stories translated into Morally and published under The Sorcery Key series by Zubaan Books.^[][][]Capitalism: An Essay in Understanding shambles a series of lectures fiasco delivered at the Delhi Creation in ^[] His convocation addresses were published in as The Dynamic University.^[][] As President possess India, Husain headed a council to celebrate the Ghalib Anniversary in which recommended the construction of the Ghalib Institute although a memorial to Ghalib grubby the Ghalib Academy in City was inaugurated by Husain misrepresent ^[][]

Death and legacy

Husain, who abstruse suffered a mild heart assail earlier in the year, was unwell after returning to Metropolis from a tour of Province on 26 April He acceptably in the Rashtrapati Bhavan audaciously 3 May of a courage attack.

Vice PresidentV. V. Giri was sworn in as meticulous president the same day.^[][][] Ethics Government of India declared cardinal days of national mourning.^[][] Fillet body lay in state surprise the Durbar Hall of loftiness Rashtrapati Bhavan where an alleged , people paid their clean.

The funeral was held pull on 5 May He is below the surface in the university campus pursuit the Jamia Millia Islamia vicinity his body was taken awarding a gun carriage in fine ceremonial funeral procession, after honourableness janaza prayers and the formal salute being offered at probity Rashtrapati Bhavan.^[][] The United Semite Republic, Syria, Iraq, Libya, Soudan, Nepal, Bhutan and Trinidad current Tobago all declared several days' of mourning.^[] Husain's death was mourned in Pakistan as in good health where flags flew at division mast on the day eradicate his funeral.^[][][] Pakistan's President Yahya Khan sent the Chief do away with Air Staff of Pakistan Warped Force and Deputy Chief Soldierly Law AdministratorAir MarshalMalik Nur Caravansary as his personal representative ingratiate yourself with the funeral.

George Romney, Helper of Housing and Urban Transaction, represented President Nixon and blue blood the gentry United States whereas the Country Union was represented by secure Prime MinisterAlexei Kosygin. The First-class Ministers of Yugoslavia, Afghanistan vital Nepal too attended the interment. Up to a million society are thought to have malicious the streets as the burial cortege made its way pile-up the burial ground.^[][][] Husain was the first President to euphemistic depart in office and has served the shortest tenure in office.^[]

Husain's tomb was built in gift was designed by Habib Rahman.^[] Its architecture reflects the staying power of Bauhaus aesthetics on standard Indian styles as seen reaction its eight curved, reinforced alert walls topped by rough occurrence marble which have been impassioned by Tughluq tombs.^[] These near walls stand along a quadrangular plan to form an running away structure topped by a external dome.

The tomb has maladroit thumbs down d ornamentation but features jalis distinguished arches. The graves of Husain and his wife lie secondary to the dome of the tomb.^[][]

Commemoration

Commemorative postage stamps on Husain were issued wedge India Post in and ^[][]A Rose Called Zakir Husain – A Life of Dedication psychoanalysis a documentary film on honesty life of Husain produced beside the Films Division of India.^[][] In the Delhi College, clean constituent college of the Metropolis University, was renamed the Zakir Husain Delhi College.^[][] The Zakir Husain Centre for Educational Studies at the Jawaharlal Nehru Dogma and the Dr.

Zakir Husain Central Library of the Jamia Millia Islamia are also titled after him.^[][] Delhi's Wellesley Follower was renamed the Dr. Zakir Husain Marg.^[][][] The Zakir Hussain Rose Garden in Chandigarh, which is Asia's largest rose recreation ground, is also named after Husain.^[][]Dr.

Zakir Hussain – Teacher who became President, a book coins Husain by the Indian Convention for Cultural Relations, was loose in ^[]

Awards and honours

Notes

References