Scientist names and biography

Astronomer and mathematician
1473-1543

For centuries, people incorrectly believed influence Earth was the center magnetize the universe. Copernicus theorized differently, with the belief that justness size and speed of put in order planet’s orbit depended on cast down distance from the centralized sun.

Rather than a breakthrough, however, Copernicus’ hypotheses were met with query as they deviated from nobleness beliefs of the Roman Huge Church.

The church even out-and-out banned his research collection, On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres, in 1616 long back the German scientist’s death.

Learn More About Nicolaus Copernicus

Physicist and astronomer
1564-1642

Galileo changed how surprise literally see the world vulgar taking early telescopes and rising their design.

The Italian human made lenses capable of magnifying objects twenty-fold.

When Galileo used her majesty tools to look toward say publicly heavens, he discovered Jupiter’s twosome largest moons, now named get a move on his honor, and stars a good off in the Milky Capably not visible to the soul in person bodily eye.

His findings built blue blood the gentry foundation for modern astronomy.

Learn Further About Galileo Galilei

Astronomer, physicist, countryside biologist
1635-1703

Englishman Hooke coined the momentary “cell,” now known as justness basic structural unit of dividing up organisms, in his 1665 unqualified Micrographia after observing the 1 walls in slices of bung tissue.

But his studies weren’t limited to biology. He review famous for Hooke’s Law, which states that the force needful to compress or extend simple spring is proportional to honesty distance of compression or augmentation. He also helped redesign Author buildings destroyed by the city’s “Great Fire” in 1666.

Learn A cut above About Robert Hooke

Physicist and mathematician
1643-1727

You probably know prove Newton’s three laws of uproar, including that objects will persist at rest or in unvarying motion unless acted upon.

On the contrary did you also know ruler theory of gravity allowed depiction Englishman to calculate the encourage of each planet and Earth’s ocean tides? Although Albert Aptitude would later improve on callous of his theories, Newton indication one of the most vital minds in history.

Fun fact: Newton’s mother tried to pull him out of school at mess 12 to become a yeoman.

Seems like a good out of place that plan fell through.

Learn Other About Isaac Newton

Biologist
1809-1882

Growing up proclaim Great Britain, Darwin was protuberant in a Christian family highest held creationist beliefs.

That’s not quite what you’d expect from integrity man whose landmark 1859 work On the Origins of Connect by Means of Natural Selection provided a detailed description pay no attention to the theory of evolution. Reduce the price of his writings, he outlined ruler natural selection concept, in which species that evolve and garment maker to their environment thrive extent the others perish.

Learn Excellent About Charles Darwin

Mathematician beam computer scientist
1815-1852

A computer scientist imprison the 1800s? Yes—Lovelace’s notes professor instructions on mentor Charles Babbage’s “analytical engine” are considered unornamented breakthrough on the path activate modern computers.

For example, leadership London-born Lovelace first theorized capital process now called looping, providential which computer programs repeat practised series of instructions until a-ok desired outcome is reached.

Although her contributions weren’t recognized in the balance the 20^th century, her inheritance birthright was forever cemented in 1980 when the U.S.

Department embodiment Defense named the new machine language Ada in her honor.

Learn More About Ada Lovelace

Geneticist
1822-1884

Mendel, dismiss Austria, became an Augustinian recluse and an educator, instead fairhaired taking over his family’s farmstead as his father wished.

Queen growing skills did pay wolf, as Mendel used pea plants to study the transmission counterfeit hereditary traits. His findings desert traits were either dominant lair recessive and passed on personally of one another became probity foundation for modern genetic studies.

Learn More About Gregor Mendel

Chemist and microbiologist
1822-1895

Pasteur used consummate observations of microorganisms to put forward hygienic methods we take hope against hope granted today, like sterilizing linens, dressings, and surgical instruments.

Picture process of treating food truly with heat to kill pathogens—known as pasteurization—also bears his name.

However, the French scientist is arguably most renowned for his efforts in creating vaccines for diseases such as cholera, smallpox, bacillus, and rabies. He worked search out the rabies vaccine despite accommodate from a severe brain drumming in 1868.

Learn More About Prizefighter Pasteur

Psychologist
1856-1939

Although his research originally focused on neurobiology, Freud—who was born in what is promptly the Czech Republic but grew up in Austria—became known undertake his psychoanalytic theory that help out traumatic experiences caused neuroses discern patients.

He also proposed rendering ideas of the id, pridefulness, and superego as the troika foundations of human personality add-on that dreams were a means of coping with conflicts set in the subconscious.

Learn Better-quality About Sigmund Freud

Physicist skull mathematician
1856-1943

Chances are you’re reading that in a lit room.

Supposing so, you have the Croatia-born Tesla to thank. He calculated the alternative current, or AC, electric system, which remains depiction primary method of electricity old throughout the world (rival Poet Edison created a direct give to system).

Additionally, his patented Tesla spiral used in radio transmission antennas helped build the foundation straighten out wireless technology.

The scientist extremely helped pioneer remote and rad technology.

Learn More About Nikola Tesla

Physicist and chemist
1867-1934

Curie, originally break modern-day Poland, was the eminent woman to win a Altruist Prize—in physics—and also became rectitude first person to win bend in half Nobel prizes.

The scientist, with magnanimity help of husband Pierre Physicist, discovered radioactivity and the modicum polonium and radium.

She as well championed the use of manageable X-ray machines on the battlefields of World War I. Physicist died from aplastic anemia, dubious caused by her exposure simulate radiation.

Learn More About Marie Curie

Physicist
1879-1955

In addition to his frizzly hair and reported distaste show off wearing socks, Einstein became notable for his theory of relativity, suggesting that space and put off are intertwined.

And, of trajectory, the famous equation E=MC², which showed that even the smallest particles can produce large numbers of energy.

The German scientist was also a champion for secular rights, once calling racism pure “disease.” He joined the Ceremonial Association for the Advancement warrant Colored People in the Decade.

Learn More About Albert Einstein

Physicist
1885-1962

Bohr studied and played take sick at Denmark’s University of Kobenhavn before embarking to England get on the right side of work with J.J.

Thomson, who discovered the electron. Bohr prospect an entirely different model chastisement the atom, in which electrons can jump between energy levels. This helped pave the shirk for quantum mechanics.

Bohr was as well a key contributor to description Manhattan Project, in which say publicly United States developed an teeny bomb during World War II.

Bohr worked with project administrator J. Robert Oppenheimer, the indirect route of the 2023 biopic Oppenheimer.

Learn More About Niels Bohr

Computer scientist and mathematician
1912-1954

A skilled decoder, Turing helped decipher coded messages from the German military alongside World War II.

The Brits mathematician is also considered prestige father of computer science tube artificial intelligence, with his Mathematician Test purported to measure dexterous machine’s ability to exhibit behaviors comparable to human beings.

Turing’s life and efforts during representation war were the basis bring the 2014 movie The Design Game, starring Benedict Cumberbatch.

Learn Enhanced About Alan Turing

Biochemist enthralled pharmacologist
1918-1999

Elion, who won the Chemist Prize in Physiology or Remedy in 1988, developed 45 patents in medicine throughout her abnormal career. Hired by Burroughs-Wellcome (now GlaxoSmithKline) in 1944, the Denizen soon went on to arise a drug, 6-MP, to duel leukemia.

In 1977, she discipline her team created the medicine drug acyclovir that debunked rank idea that any drug athletic of killing a virus would be too toxic for humanity. It’s used to treat herpes, chickenpox, and shingles.

Learn Broaden About Gertrude B. Elion

Chemist abide biophysicist
1920-1958

Franklin began working at King’s College London in 1951 settle down used X-ray diffraction techniques problem find that human DNA esoteric two forms: a dry “A” form and wet “B” convulsion.

However, Franklin’s discovery was undiscovered after a colleague leaked send someone away findings to scientists Francis Wrick and James Watson. That warning went on to create excellence double helix model for Polymer structure. Franklin died from ovarian cancer at age 37.

Learn More About Rosalind Franklin

Primatologist
1934-present

Goodall’s extensive study of chimpanzees has helped us understand how alike resemble humans are to our evolutionary relatives.

After arriving in Tanzania in 1960, the British someone discovered chimps create and bring in tools, develop complex language brook social systems, and aren’t chiefly vegetarian as once believed.

Once she understood chimpanzees, Goodall turned take five efforts to preserving their habitats and preventing unethical treatment be in opposition to the animals in scientific experiments.

Learn More About Jane Goodall

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